Water Humidity Collectors; New Methods in Alternative and Sustainable Water Supply

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran

2 Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran,Iran

3 Assistant professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran,Iran

4 Expert of Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran

5 Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization,Rasht, Iran

6 Researcher of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Air humidity is one of the sources of water and one of the components of the hydrological cycle. All the water vapor caused by the radiation of the sun's energy does not turn into precipitation, but a part of it does not turn into precipitation due to its kamali low density and is scattered in the space in a visible or invisible form. The important issue is how to actualize this environmental potential. In order to collect water from the fog, small droplets that cannot rain must fall into the trap. This can be done in different ways, including the use of mesh nets and when the fog passes through them. The materials of these nets, along with environmental factors such as the frequency of fog and wind speed, have a significant effect on the volume of water collected. In this research, two types of fog water collection systems made of metal mesh curtain and polypropylene mesh with dimensions of 1*1 meter and each with three repetitions were designed and installed in the Vishki mountain village of Eshkevarat, Roudsar city, which had many foggy days. A one-year data review recorded 76 fogging incidents. In these events, the average performance of metal mesh and polypropylene mesh collectors was 6.14 and 6.48 (L m-2 day-1), respectively, which did not show a significant difference in the type of water absorbing nets. The average water collected for each square meter of metal net collectors was 466 (L year-1) and polypropylene net 492 (L year-1), which doubles the hope of developing this method in susceptible areas. The highest amount of water collected was in the months of May and August and the lowest was in the months of February and January. The benefit-cost ratio in this project for metal and polypropylene collectors was calculated as 1.77 and 1.96, respectively. Undoubtedly, fog harvesting is useful when access to other sources of water supply, including underground water sources and base water flow, is low and the people of the region feel the need for it.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abdul‐Wahab, S. A., & Lea, V. (2008). Reviewing fog water collection worldwide and in Oman. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 65(3), 487-500.
Caldas, L., Andaloro, A., Calafiore, G., Munechika, K., & Cabrini, S. (2018). Water harvesting from fog using building envelopes: part I. Water and Environment Journal, 32(4), 493-499.
Davtalab, R., Salamat, A., & Oji, R. (2013). Water harvesting from fog and air humidity in the warm and coastal regions in the south of Iran. Irrigation and drainage, 62(3), 281-288.
Domen, J. K., Stringfellow, W. T., Camarillo, M. K., & Gulati, S. (2014). Fog water as an alternative and sustainable water resource. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16(2), 235-249.
Gharibreza, Z. (1999). Device for water harvesting from air humidity. Registration number 38703587, General Directorate of Companies and Industrial Property Registration, organization of registration of documents of the country, 1999.
International Development Research Center, A Lesson about the Value of Multidisciplinary Research. IDRC Annual Report 2002-2003, 39, 2003.
Klemm, O., Schemenauer, R. S., Lummerich, A., Cereceda, P., Marzol, V., Corell, D., ... & Fessehaye, G. M. (2012). Fog as a fresh-water resource: overview and perspectives. Ambio, 41(3), 221-234.
Korkmaz, S., & Kariper, İ. A. (2020). Fog harvesting against water shortage. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 18(2), 361-375.
Mahmoudi, p., Khajeh Amir Kahalebi, Ch., & Salari Fanodi, M.R. (2016). Examining the Feasibility of Water Harvesting from Air Humidity in the Southern Province of Sistan and Baluchistan. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 23(2), 253-265. doi: 10.22069/jwfst.2016.3067.
Mousavi Baygi, M., & Shabanzadeh, S. (2008). Design and construction of an apparatus for fog and cap cloud collection (A new method for water harvesting). Journal of water and soil, (1) 22.
Mousavi-baygi, M. (2008). The implementation of fog water collection systems in Northeast of Iran. International Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 4(1), 13-21.
Olivier, J. (2004). Fog harvesting: An alternative source of water supply on the West Coast of South Africa. GeoJournal, 61(2), 203-214.
Qadir, M., Jiménez, G. C., Farnum, R. L., & Trautwein, P. (2021). Research history and functional systems of fog water harvesting. Frontiers in Water, 37.
Qadir, M., Jiménez, G. C., Farnum, R. L., Dodson, L. L., & Smakhtin, V. (2018). Fog water collection: challenges beyond technology. Water, 10(4), 372.
Rahimi, M. (2012). Analyzing the temporal and spatial variation of fog days in Iran. Pure and applied geophysics, 169(5), 1165-1172.
Tiedemann, K. J., & Lummerich, A. (2010, July). Fog harvesting on the verge of economic competitiveness. In 5th International Conference on Fog (pp. FOGDEW2010-93).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics